The Role of Afghan Cameleers in Australia: From the 1860s to the 1930s, Afghan cameleers, commonly called “Afghans” or “Ghans,” played a pivotal role in shaping Australia’s inland regions. These camel drivers, primarily originating from the North-West Frontier Province and Balochistan (modern-day Pakistan), Afghanistan, Egypt, and Turkey, were instrumental in supporting the country’s pastoral and exploration industries.
Who Were the Afghan Cameleers?
Despite being referred to as “Afghans,” most cameleers were ethnic Pashtuns and Balochs from British India, with a minority being Sikhs from the Punjab region. Their knowledge of camel handling and desert survival made them essential for navigating Australia’s arid interior, where horses struggled to survive. Most of these cameleers were Muslim, and their presence laid the foundation for Australia’s early Islamic community.
Supporting Australia’s Inland Industry
The primary role of Afghan cameleers in Australia was transporting goods and wool bales across the vast outback. Small groups were brought to Australia in three-year intervals, forming camel trains that connected remote cattle and sheep stations with coastal cities. They established camel-breeding stations and rest-house outposts, known as caravanserai, providing crucial logistical support for inland exploration, communications, and trade. Without their efforts, the development of Australia’s interior would have been far slower and more challenging.
Cultural and Religious Contributions
Beyond their economic impact, Afghan cameleers significantly influenced Australia’s cultural landscape. They were responsible for constructing the country’s first mosques, including the Marree Mosque in South Australia in 1861 and the Central Adelaide Mosque, which are still used today. Several mosques in Western Australia also trace their origins to these early Muslim communities. By establishing these religious institutions, Afghan cameleers helped introduce and sustain Islam in Australia.
Life in the Outback and Integration
Many cameleers and their families eventually returned to their homelands, but a notable number stayed, integrating into local communities. Some intermarried with Aboriginal and European women, creating lasting family lineages that remain part of Australia’s social fabric today. Their adaptability extended beyond camel driving, as many found new trades and livelihoods after the rise of automobiles, which gradually replaced camel trains in the 1930s.
Legacy of Afghan Cameleers
The legacy of Afghan cameleers in Australia is enduring. They facilitated trade and transport across the outback and helped shape the nation’s multicultural and religious diversity. Today, their contributions are celebrated through historical records, heritage trails, and museums dedicated to the story of these remarkable pioneers.
Conclusion
The role of Afghan cameleers in Australia goes far beyond camel driving. They were explorers, cultural ambassadors, and community builders who left a lasting imprint on the Australian outback. Recognising their contribution helps preserve an essential chapter in the country’s history and celebrates the diverse roots of modern Australia.
Also read The Rise of Indian Australians.
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